LTE Network Architecture

• •  Evolution of cellular networks

  •  Evolution of 3GPP releases, from release 99 to release 8

  •  Logical architecture of EPS (E-UTRAN and EPC)

  •  Overview of the LTE QoS framework

EPC Architecture

•  Introduction to Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

•  Role of the MME, S-GW and PDN-GW

•  Interfaces in EPS

•  Introduction to Interface Protocols S1 and X2

E-UTRAN Architecture

•  Functionality of the eNodeB

•  Radio interface techniques used in uplink and downlink

•  Cyclic Prefix

•  Link Adaption in LTE

•  Basic principles of MIMO

•  Reference symbols in UL & DL

LTE Idle Mode and Mobility scenarios

•  UE Authentication and Registration Process

•  UE Identities in LTE Network

•  LTE idle mode mobility

•  Different types of handover in LTE

•  Measurement reporting procedures in LTE

•  Intra and inter Frequency Handover in LTE

•  IRAT Handover scenarios

Voice in LTE

•  CSFB in LTE

•  SRVCC

•  IMS Voice Call flow

Day 1

Overview of LTE/SAE

•  Expectations of 4G wireless technology

•  LTE and SAE Design Goals

•  3GPP Evolution

•  Radio Technology Trends

•  Core Network Technology Trends

•  Components of LTE network

  • • Roles of Network entities

•  Interfaces

•  Comparison with 3G

•  LTE advanced basics

LTE-Technology – OFDM, OFDMA, and MIMO Basics

•  Need for OFDM

•  Basic OFDM terminology

•  Time and frequency views of a OFDM signal

•  OFDM examples in commercial wireless

•  OFDMA and SCFDMA technologies

•  Multiple antenna technologies and their impact

•  HARQ and its role

Day 2

LTE Downlink Basics

•  LTE OFDMA parameters

•  Downlink Channels

•  Downlink frames and slots and terminology

•  Broadcast signals and then properties

•  System information and its transmission

•  Transmission of control information and user data

•  Role of reference signals in channel estimation

•  Differences between FDD and TDD versions of LTE

LTE Uplink Basics

•  UL frame description

•  Channels in UL

•  Random access in LTE

•  UE identifiers

Day 3

Network Entry and service establishment

•  Network entry process and role of core network components

•  Security aspects in LTE; confidentiality, integrity, and authentication

•  IP address allocation

•  QoS in LTE

•  Bearers

Data Transmission in DL and UL

•  Radio interface architecture and data flow; PDCP, RLS, MAC, and transport blocks

•  Scheduling and conveying allocation information

•  Link adaptation and feedback; modulation and error control coding

•  Bandwidth request

•  MIMO modes in LTE

•  Data rate calculations

•  Retransmissions – HARQ and ARQ

•  End-to-end picture

Mobility and power save

•  Handover in LTE

•  Signalling during handover

•  Idle mode and its benefits

•  RRC states of UE

•  Location Update Procedure (Idle Mode mobility Management

•  Signalling in Idle mode

•  Handover between LTE and 3G

LTE Access Stratum and Non Access Stratum – An Overview

•  Need for Access Stratum and Non Access Stratum Protocols

•  Overview of Access Stratum Functions

•  Overview of Non Access Stratum Functions

•  Overview of Access and Non Access Stratum Protocols in LTE Network

•  End to End to call flow (EPS) in LTE Network

•  Control Plane Architecture – End to End View

•  User Plan Architecture – End to End View

LTE Bearer – An Overview

•  LTE Radio Bearer and EPS Bearer

•  LTE Bearer Attributes

•  End to End QoS

•  Security of Bearer

Non Access stratum Procedures

•  Tracking Area in LTE

•  Authentication Procedure in LTE

•  Mobility Management Procedure in LTE

Layer 3 Signaling

•  RRC Layer Functionalities - System Information, Paging, Mobility

•  RRC States and the difference between all states

•  RRC Layer interaction with other layers

•  X2AP signalling protocol Overview and Procedure

•  S1AP signalling protocol Overview and Procedure

•  GTP-C Protocol Overview

L2 Protocols - PDCP, RLC, MAC and GTP-U Protocols

•  Functions of PDCP

•  Functions of RLC and different RLC Modes

•  RLC Data Structure

•  MAC Layer Functionality and Architecture

•  MAC layer mapping to logical, transport and Physical Channels

•  MAC Packet Data Unit (PDU) format

•  GTP-U Overview

Mobility Procedures in LTE

•  LTE Handover in Radio Network

•  S1 Handover Overview

•  IRAT Handover Procedures and Options – Overview

  • • LTE to other 3GPP technologies

    • LTE to CDMA/EVDO

    • LTE to WiFi

•  CS Fall Back for Voice Call

LTE EPC Overview

•  Introduction

•  EPC Architecture – Nodes and Functions

•  EPC Interfaces and Protocols

EPC Signaling Fundamentals

•  EPC Network and UE Identities

•  Mobility and Connection Management

•  EPC Bearers

•  EPC Procedures

  • • Attach / Detach

    • Service Request

    • Tracking area update

    • Dedicated Bearer Activation

Security in EPC

•  Authentication and Key Agreement

•  Authentication Procedure

•  LTE Key Hierarchy

•  IPSec

QoS Framework in LTE-EPC

•  PCC Architecture

•  Nodes

  • • PCRF

    • PCEF

    • 3GPP AAA

    • Dedicated Bearer Activation

•  Interfaces

  • • Gx

    • Rx

    • Sp

•  SDF and SDF Aggregation

•  DL and UL Traffic Flow Templates

LTE Mobility

•  Intra LTE Mobility

  • • X-2 based handovers

    • Intra and Inter MME handovers

    • Intra and Inter S-GW Handovers

    • Tracking Area Updates

•  Interworking with other 3GPP networks

VoLTE

•  Options for Voice services on LTE

  • • CSFB on 3GPP Networks

    • CSFB on 3GPP2 Networks

    • VoLGA

    • SRVCC

•  Interacting with other Networks for Voice

Introduction

• •  Overview of 3GPP releases

  •  Current status of the LTE/EPC standardization work

EPS Network Architecture

•  Legacy architecture and bearer concepts

•  EPS nodes and interfaces

•  Architecture with Gn-SGSNs (e.g. pre-R8 SGSN)

•  Node selection functions

•  CP and UP bearers and protocol stacks

NAS Protocols (EMM and ESM)

•  Mobility management procedures

•  Session management procedures

•  NAS states and state transitions

•  MME/SGW pool areas

•  Authentication and Key Agreement

•  Security keys and key derivation functions

•  NAS message security

•  Network Domain Security (NDS)

•  NAS message formats

GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP)

•  GTP interfaces and versions

•  The ‘tunnel’ concept

•  GTP messages (per interface)

DIAMETER Protocol

•  DIAMETER interfaces

•  Procedures, commands and AVPs

•  Baseline protocol and extension applications

•  S6a/S6d procedures and HSS data

•  Rx/Gx procedures

Interworking & Roaming

•  Idle mode signaling reduction (ISR)

•  Inter-RAT PS handover scenarios

•  Non-3GPP interworking

•  CS Fallback and the SGs-interface

•  SR-VCC and the Sv-interface

•  Roaming interfaces (S8, S9 etc)

Signaling Flows

•  Initial Attach and establishment of default bearer

•  Dedicated bearer establishment

•  Tracking Area Update with MME relocation

•  S1-based handover with SGW relocation

•  Inter-RAT handover to S4-SGSN

LTE Radio Technology Overview

•  The LTE framing architecture

•  Resource Blocks

•  The physical layer of LTE

•  OFDMA (LTE downlink) and SC-FDMA (LTE uplink)

•  Significant Radio Planning Differences from UMTS

RF Fundamentals for LTE Design

•  Planning Expectations

•  RSRP and RSRQ measurements in LTE

•  Noise and Interference

•  Thermal Noise Calculations

•  LTE receiver's noise floor based on bandwidth and Noise Figure

•  Use of Cascade analysis to determine a system Noise Figure

•  Determination system performance based on C/N and C/I+N

Antennas for LTE

•  Basic Antenna Types: isotropic and dipole

•  Antenna Gain: dBi and dBd

•  Antenna diversity techniques

•  MIMO

•  Adaptive Arrays

•  Beamforming

•  Antenna Selection for LTE

Performing an LTE Link Budget Analysis

•  EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)

•  MAPL (Maximum Allowable Path Loss)

•  Log Normal shadow fade probability for NLOS deployments

•  Link budgets, based on manufacturer's equipment parameters and system configuration, to determine the (MAPL)

•  Free Space Path Loss for LTE Backhaul

•  Building Penetration Losses

•  Compare different path loss models based on type, frequency range and operating distance

Frequency Reuse in LTE Networks

•  Designing the frequency reuse plan for your LTE network

•  Fractional Frequency Reuse

•  Frequency Reuse Options for LTE networks

Timing and Synchronization for LTE Networks

•  Timing Needs: Frequency and Synchronization

•  FDD and TDD Differences

LTE Performance and Coverage Considerations

•  Coverage Planning

•  Capacity Planning

•  Morphology Classes

•  Using a simple model for initial business plan inputs

•  Matching cell density with customer demand

RF Propagation Modeling Tools

•  The Overall RF design process

•  Propagation models

•  Databases Required

•  Model Outputs

•  Coverage prediction

•  Radio Base Site selection criteria

•  Search Rings

•  Site Candidate Information packages

•  Model tuning process

•  Drive Testing

E-UTRAN Performance Management solution

•  Introduction to Initial Tuning and Optimization

•  RAN Counters and its significance

Measurement of LTE Accessibility performance

•  E-RAB setup procedure and associated counters

•  eNodeB counters and its relation with E-RAB Accessibility KPIs

•  eNodeB parameters and Features that influence Accessibility

Measurement of LTE Retainability performance

•  E-RAB release procedure and associated counters

•  eNodeB counters and its relation with E-RAB Retainability KPIs

•  eNodeB parameters and Features that influence Retainability

Measurement of LTE Integrity performance

•  Counters to measure LTE Radio Bearer LTE throughput

•  eNodeB counters to create E-UTRAN Integrity KPIs

•  eNodeB parameters and Features that influence Integrity

Measurement of LTE Mobility performance

•  Various LTE mobility procedures and associated counters

•  eNodeB counters to create E-UTRAN Mobility KPIs

•  eNodeB parameters and Features that influence Mobility

Measurement of LTE Cell Availability and Utilization

•  Counters to measure LTE Cell Availability

•  eNodeB counters for Cell Availability and Utilization KPIs

•  eNodeB parameters that influence Cell Availability and Utilization

Overview of LTE-Advanced

• •  Expectations of 4G wireless technology

  •  IMT-Advanced specifications

  •  3GPP Evolution

  •  Key components of LTE advanced (R10 and future)

  •  UE categories

  •  Deployment Aspects

Air-interface enhancements

•  Carrier Aggregation

  • • Intra-band and inter-band aggregation

•  Control plane protocols

•  Cross carrier scheduling

•  User plane protocols

•  Acquisition and connection establishment

•  Component carrier management

•  UL MAC enhancements

•  UL transmitter and receiver enhancements

MIMO advances and their impact

•  DL MIMO schemes; 8-antenna MIMO and enhanced MU-MIMO

•  Enhanced reference signals

•  CoMP – principle , challenges, and scenarios

HetNets

•  Types of HetNets in LTE-Advanced

•  Relay operation with self backhaul

  • • Relay protocol architecture

    • Backhaul physical channels and scheduling

    • Backhaul HARQ

•  Pico eNB / small cells support

  • • Enhanced Inter-cell interference coordination (EICIC)

    • Almost blank sub frames (ABS) and their usage

    • X2 interface enhancements for EICIC

    • Interference cancellation methods

•  Home eNB

  • • Managing interference in Home eNB deployments

    • CSG issues and their management

•  Remote radio heads

Data Transmission Aspects

•  System acquisition and synchronization signals

•  PDCCH changes from LTE to LTE-A

•  DL data transmission; reference signals, MIMO modes

•  UL data transmission; MIMO modes

•  Data rate calculations in DL and UL

Other topics

•  Self-organizing networks (SONs) and their role

  • • Automatic neighbour discovery

    • Physical cell ID management

    • RACH optimization

    • Minimization of drive testing

    • Energy savings

•  Location services in LTE networks

  • • ECID,OTDOA, A-GNSS, and other methods

    • LPP and SUPL protocol

    • New elements in EPC

•  Release update summary

•  Migration from LTE to LTE-Advanced

IMS Evolution

•  What is IMS?

•  How IMS related to convergence – which convergence?

•  How IMS is related to 3GPP Initiative?

•  Multimedia over IP – can we discuss those design challenges?

•  Are we not doing Multimedia communication already, why then IMS?

•  What/whose purpose does IMS serve – SSP, end user, vendor, CSP,…

•  Are we bringing IP and Mobile together with IMS, or we doing more?

•  What are the big design challenges of IMS?

•  What are IMS Objectives and Requirements?

IMS Services

•  Presence

•  Push To Talk over Cellular

•  Multimedia Messaging

•  Conferencing

•  Group management Services

•  On-line real-time games

•  Some Service usage scenario

IMS Big Picture

•  Internet, PLMN, IMS, PSTN, Enterprise Networks

•  PLMN and IMS – why not others?

•  PLMN Access Network Entities

•  PLMN Domains

•  PLMNS Core Network Entities

•  PSTN

•  Broadband Networks

•  Enterprise Networks

•  Internet Backbone

IMS and Interfaces

•  IMS Entities and IMS Reference Points

•  IMS Architecture

•  Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs)

•  IP Transport

•  Application Servers

•  Gateways – media and signaling

•  Other Related Servers – DNS, AAA servers, LDAP Server etc.

Protocols and their role in IMS

•  Signaling – SIP

•  Session Description – SDP, XML, …

•  Transport RTP, RTCP

•  QoS – COPS, RSVP, LDAP

•  Address Mapping – DNS, ENUM (NAPTR), DCHP

•  AAA – Diameter

•  Security – IPSec

Some IMS Procedures

•  Short Overview of IMS Registration and IMS Session

•  Establishing a session when UE#1 and UE#2 need to reserve resources

•  Establishing a session when UE#1 needs to reserve resources while UE#2 has resources already available

•  Establishing a session when UE#1 need to reserve resources and UE#2 is non-IMS

•  Establishing a session when UE#1 is non-IMS and UE#2 needs to reserve resources

•  Establishing a session when UE#1 and UE#2 do not need to reserve resources

Why unlicensed bands for service providers

 Wi-Fi, its evolution and its role including Wi-Fi calling

 LTE in unlicensed bands – motivation

 LTE-U Technology

• Carrier Aggregation in LTE-evolution (A key technology for LTE-U)

• Bands of operation

• Coexistence with Wi-Fi; CSAT

• Some results from various experiments

• LTE-U forum

• LTE-U forum requirements

• Debates around LTE-U

• Wi-Fi alliance coexistence plans with LTE-U

3GPP LAA

• Differences with LTE-U

• Status of standardization

• Bands of operation

• LAA technical details; LBT protocol

• Some simulation results analysis

• LAA coexistence requirements

 3GPP LWA; LTE-Wi-Fi aggregation

• Differences from LTE-U and LAA

• Differences between earlier cellular Wi-Fi approaches

• Mobile phone side considerations

• Requirements on the Wi-Fi AP

 Qualcomm MuLTEfire

• Motivation

• General idea and challenges

 Conclusions

Introduction

• What is IOT/IOE?

• Components of a typical IOT system

• Wireless Standards relevant to IOT/IOE; BT, BLE, Wi-Fi, 802.15.4, cellular

• Non-standard WAN technologies for IOT; LORa, Sigfox, weightless

• Frequency bands and ranges relevant for IOT

IOT and Cellular

• Release 12 LTE MTC evolution

• Cat 0 radio parameters; bandwidths, data rates, duplexing, antenna requirements, modulation types supported

• Power saving mode (PSM) for Cat 0

• Impact on power consumption and complexity

• Rel 13 IOT choices in LTE; eMTC and NB-IOT

• eMTC details; bandwidth of operation, data rates support

• Coverage enhancement techniques; repetition, modulation

• Channels; traffic and control; MPDCCH

• HARQ handling

• eDRX

• NB-IOT; what is it and how is it related to LTE?

• NB-IOT deployment modes; coexistence with LTE carrier

• NB-IOT control and data channels; NBPDSCH, NBPDCCH

• Subcarrier spacing possibilities for different channels and transmissions

• NB-IOT System information

• EC-GSM; GSM enhancement for IOT